R30 练习: 现金流量表分析 I
概念页
三表勾稽全景图、NI→CFO 瀑布、Cash 滚动瀑布、同义词陷阱：Three-Statements Reconciliation 三大表勾稽
考纲范围
- describe how the cash flow statement is linked to the income statement and the balance sheet
- describe the steps in the preparation of direct and indirect cash flow statements, including how cash flows can be computed using income statement and balance sheet data
- demonstrate the conversion of cash flows from the indirect to the direct method
- contrast cash flow statements prepared under IFRS and US GAAP
Q1.
If a company received a cash payment before shipping goods, which of the balance sheet accounts should be recorded?
A. Cash and retained earnings.
B. Cash and unearned revenue.
C. Inventory and retained earnings.
查看答案与解析
答案：B
解析：公司在发货前收到现金，此时尚未履行义务，因此不能确认收入。应记录：现金增加（借方）和预收收入/未实现收入（unearned revenue）增加（贷方，属于负债）。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 未发货不能确认收入，retained earnings 不受影响 B ✓ 收到现金但未发货，记录 Cash 增加和 Unearned revenue（负债）增加 C ✗ 收到的是现金而非存货，且收入未确认
Q2.
There are two notes about financial statements. How many of them are/is correct?
Note 1: The differences between the accrual and cash basis of operating activities result in changes in current assets and liabilities/equities on the balance sheet.
Note 2: Understanding the interrelationship between all statements is very useful for analysts in detecting potential accounting irregularities.
A. 2
B. 1
C. 0
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答案：A
解析：两个 Note 都正确。
- Note 1 正确：权责发生制与收付实现制的差异本质上就是 timing differences，会反映在资产负债表上——既引起 current assets 变化（AR、Inventory、Prepaid expenses），也引起 liabilities / equity 变化（AP、Accrued liabilities、Unearned revenue；Net Income 流向 Retained Earnings 也影响 Equity）。Note 中
liabilities/equities用/连接，表示资产负债表右侧整体——符合复式记账：资产变化必有对应的负债或权益变化。- Note 2 正确：理解三大报表之间的关系是分析师识别会计违规、盈余管理与财务造假的关键工具（如比较 NI 与 CFO 的差距、AR 增速 vs Revenue 增速）。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 两个 Note 都正确 B ✗ 不只 1 个正确，Note 1 也对 C ✗ Note 2 显然正确，不可能 0 ⚠️ 易错点：不要把
liabilities/equities中的/误读为”或”。它是连接 BS 右侧两大类（负债 + 权益），而非否定其中一项。
Q3.
Which of the following statements is most likely correct?
A. Normally, companies prefer to disclose the direct operating cash flow information than the indirect method.
B. It is possible to work out the approximate direct cash flow statement from the information given by the balance sheet and income statement.
C. The direct method reconciles net income to net cash flow.
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答案：B
解析：
- A 错误：大多数公司偏好使用间接法（indirect method），因为更简便
- B 正确：通过资产负债表和利润表的数据，可以推算出近似的直接法现金流量表
- C 错误：将净利润调节为净现金流的是间接法（indirect method），不是直接法
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 大多数公司实际使用间接法，而非直接法 B ✓ 可以通过 BS 和 IS 数据推算近似的直接法现金流 C ✗ 间接法才是将净利润调节为现金流，直接法直接列示收付
Q4.
Golden disclosed its financial information as follows ($ millions):
| Year ended on 31 December | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Trade receivable | 73 | 68 |
| Inventory | 39 | 47 |
| Trade payable | 20 | 22 |
| Net revenue | 240 | 250 |
| Cost of goods sold | 165 | 176 |
| Net income | 100 | 99 |
Based only on the information above, compared with amounts for cash received from customers, cash paid to suppliers included in Golden’s 2019 statement of cash flows would be:
A. lower by $73 million.
B. lower by $71 million.
C. lower by $66 million.
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答案：A
解析：
Cash received from customers（从客户收到的现金）： AR 减少说明本期多收回了往期应收款，现金流入 > 收入。
Cash paid to suppliers（支付给供应商的现金）： AP 增加说明有部分采购尚未付款，实际现金流出 < 采购额。
差异：
Cash paid to suppliers ($182) is lower by $73 million compared to cash received from customers ($255).
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ Cash paid (182) 比 Cash received (255) 低 $73 B ✗ $71 是只算了 Purchases (184) 而忽略了 AP 调整 C ✗ $66 计算有误
Q5.
Which of the following item is least likely to be an addition to adjusting net income when using the indirect method to determine operating cash flow?
A. Loss on retirement of debt
B. Decrease in current operating assets
C. Gain on sale of assets
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答案：C
解析：间接法下，从净利润调节到经营性现金流时：
- 加回：非现金费用（折旧、摊销）、非经营性损失（如债务退出损失）、流动经营资产减少、流动经营负债增加
- 扣减：非经营性收益（如资产出售收益）、流动经营资产增加、流动经营负债减少
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 债务退出损失属于非经营性损失，需要加回（已包含在NI中减少了利润但不影响经营现金流） B ✗ 流动经营资产减少释放现金，需要加回 C ✓ 资产出售收益属于非经营性收益，应从NI中扣减而非加回
Q6.
An analyst gathered the following information from Gordon’s 2020 financial statements (in $ millions):
| Balances as of Year Ended 31 December | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Retained earnings | 160 | 165 |
| Accounts receivable | 21 | 31 |
| Tax payable | 9 | 13 |
| Interest payable | 15 | 8 |
| Dividend payable | 40 | 45 |
In 2020, Gordon paid cash dividends of $10 million and recorded depreciation expense in the amount of $60 million. Assume Gordon complies with US GAAP and that all required information has been given above, Gordon’s operating cash flow for 2020 is closest to:
A. $81 million.
B. $67 million.
C. $74 million.
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答案：B
解析：
计算过程：
首先求净利润：
等等，Dividends declared = Cash paid + ΔDiv payable increase
间接法计算 CFO：
但在 US GAAP 下利息支付属于 CFO： 实际上 Interest payable 的变化已经通过应计项调整反映了。
等等，让我重新确认：NI = RE ending - RE beginning + Dividends declared
Dividends declared：Div payable beginning + declared - paid = Div payable ending 40 + declared - 10 = 45 → declared = 15
NI = (165-160) + 15 = 20
CFO = 20 + 60 - 10 + 4 - 7 = 67
(Interest payable decreased from 15 to 8, so -7)
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ $81 未正确调整利息应付变化 B ✓ CFO = 20 + 60 - 10 + 4 - 7 = $67 C ✗ $74 计算有误
Q7.
Under US GAAP and IFRS respectively, which of the following classifications for dividends received is most accurate?
A. US GAAP: CFO only; IFRS: CFO or CFI
B. US GAAP: CFI only; IFRS: CFO or CFI
C. US GAAP: CFO only; IFRS: CFO only
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答案：A
解析：收到的股利（dividends received）的分类：
- US GAAP：必须分类为经营活动现金流（CFO）
- IFRS：可以分类为经营活动（CFO）或投资活动（CFI），由公司选择
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ US GAAP: CFO only; IFRS: CFO or CFI，正确 B ✗ US GAAP 下收到的股利是 CFO 而非 CFI C ✗ IFRS 下可以选择 CFO 或 CFI，不限于 CFO only
Q8.
Which of the following is least likely an example of a financing activity on the cash flow statement under IFRS?
A. Receipt of dividends
B. Payment of interest
C. Payment of tax
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答案：A
解析：IFRS 下各项目可归类的现金流活动：
项目 可归类为 收到股利 Receipt of dividends CFO 或 CFI 支付利息 Payment of interest CFO 或 CFF 支付税款 Payment of tax 通常 CFO（特定情况可分配至 CFI/CFF） 题目问 least likely financing activity (CFF)：
- A：收到股利只能归为 CFO 或 CFI，永远不能归为 CFF → 最不可能
- B：支付利息可以归为 CFF → 可能
- C：税款通常归为 CFO，但理论上不排除分配至 CFF
Receipt of dividends 被 IFRS 明确排除在 CFF 之外，是最不可能的 financing activity。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 收到股利在 IFRS 下归为 CFO 或 CFI，不能归为 CFF B ✗ 支付利息在 IFRS 下可归为 CFF C ✗ 税款通常归 CFO，但收到股利更不可能是 CFF
Q9.
An analyst gathered the following information about Gordon in 2020:
Information in the notes (Units Purchased and Sold):
| 日期 | Units Purchased | Purchase Price | Units Sold | Selling Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Jan | 1,000 million | $20 | ||
| 23 Mar | 900 million | $25 | ||
| 30 Nov | 300 million | $21 |
Balance sheets:
| 2019 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|
| Accounts payable | 40,000 million | 30,000 million |
The cash paid by Gordon to its suppliers is most likely closest to:
A. 36,300 million
B. 20,000 million
C. 16,300 million
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答案：A
解析：
计算过程：
总采购额 = 1,000M × $20 + 300M × $21 = $20,000 + $6,300 = $26,300
Cash paid to suppliers = Purchases + ΔAP (decrease)
AP 减少说明公司支付了更多现金来偿还应付账款。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 采购$26,300 + AP减少$10,000 = $36,300 B ✗ $20,000 仅计算了1月采购金额 C ✗ $16,300 计算有误
Q10.
G&F, a retailer, reported $5 million salaries payable at the beginning of 20X9, and the following financial information (in $ millions):
| For the Year ended 31 December | 20X9 |
|---|---|
| Salary paid | 29 |
| Salary expense | 30 |
The ending balance of salaries payable was:
A. $4 million.
B. $6 million.
C. $1 million.
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答案：B
解析：
计算过程：
$5 + 30 - 29 = 6$$
期末薪酬应付 = $6 million
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ $4 计算有误 B ✓ 5 + 30 - 29 = $6 C ✗ $1 计算有误