R47 练习: 固定收益工具特征
考纲范围
describe the features of a fixed-income security
describe the contents of a bond indenture and contrast affirmative and negative covenants
Q1.
Which of the following bonds is classified as a supranational bond?
A. A bond issued by the European Investment Bank (EIB)
B. A bond issued by the US Treasury
C. A bond issued by Apple Company
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答案:A
解析:超国家债券(supranational bond)是由国际组织发行的债券,如世界银行、欧洲投资银行(EIB)等。美国国债属于主权债券(sovereign bond),苹果公司债券属于公司债券(corporate bond)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ EIB是超国家组织,其发行的债券为supranational bond B ✗ US Treasury发行的是sovereign bond(主权债券) C ✗ Apple是公司,发行的是corporate bond(公司债券)
Q2.
A bond with no coupon has a maturity of two years. Its time to maturity is six months. The bond cannot be described as:
A. pure discount bond.
B. capital market security.
C. money market security.
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答案:C
解析:该债券原始期限(maturity)为2年,属于资本市场工具(capital market security),而非货币市场工具。无息债券也叫纯贴现债券(pure discount bond)。注意区分maturity(原始期限)和tenor(剩余期限):虽然剩余期限仅6个月,但根据原始发行期限分类,它仍是资本市场工具。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 无息债券确实是pure discount bond,描述正确 B ✗ 原始期限2年 > 1年,属于capital market security,描述正确 C ✓ 原始期限2年,不是money market security(需≤1年),不能这样描述
Q3.
The source of the bond repayment that may come from the cash flows of the project the bond issue is financing most likely corresponds to a:
A. supranational bond.
B. corporate bond.
C. non-sovereign bond.
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答案:C
解析:非主权债券(non-sovereign bond)中的revenue bond(收入债券)的还款来源可以来自其融资项目产生的现金流。超国家债券的还款来源通常是成员国的出资,公司债券的还款来源是公司整体经营现金流。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ supranational bond还款来源是成员国出资,非项目现金流 B ✗ corporate bond还款来源是公司整体现金流 C ✓ non-sovereign bond中的revenue bond以项目现金流为还款来源
Q4.
Which of the followings is an affirmative covenant?
A. The debt-to-asset ratio cannot exceed 0.3.
B. Some industries are not allowed to invest.
C. The promise of making the contractual payments.
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答案:C
解析:肯定性条款(affirmative covenant)要求发行人”必须做”某事,常见关键词:should, must, promise, insure。否定性条款(negative covenant)限制发行人”不能做”某事,常见关键词:not, limit, prohibit, maximum, minimum。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ “cannot exceed”是限制性条款,属于negative covenant B ✗ “not allowed”是禁止性条款,属于negative covenant C ✓ “promise of making payments”是承诺必须做的事,属于affirmative covenant
Q5.
The covenant protecting bondholders by specifying that a borrower is considered in default if default happens on another debt obligation is a:
A. pari passu clause.
B. cross-default clause.
C. negative covenant.
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答案:B
解析:交叉违约条款(cross-default clause)规定如果借款人在其他债务上违约,则该债券也被视为违约。Pari passu条款保证同等级债权人享有同等优先权。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ pari passu clause是同等权利条款,确保债权人平等受偿 B ✓ cross-default clause正是描述中”一处违约视为处处违约”的条款 C ✗ negative covenant是限制发行人行为的条款,不是特指此种保护机制