R48 练习: 固定收益现金流与类型
考纲范围
describe common cash flow structures of fixed-income instruments and contrast cash flow contingency provisions that benefit issuers and investors
Q1.
Bruce invested in a 5-year corporate bond issued by a high-tech company three months ago. The bond has a face value of 100. The bond pays a fixed interest of \annually and the bond’s outstanding principal amount is reduced to zero by the maturity date, the bond is best described as a:
A. plain vanilla bond.
B. bullet bond.
C. fully amortized bond.
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答案:C
解析:该债券每年支付固定利息且本金在到期时减少为零,说明本金在存续期内逐步偿还,属于完全摊销债券(fully amortized bond)。子弹式债券(bullet bond)在到期时一次性偿还全部本金。Plain vanilla bond是普通固定利率债券,到期一次还本。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ plain vanilla bond到期一次还本,本金不会在到期前减少 B ✗ bullet bond在到期日一次性偿还全部本金 C ✓ 本金到期时减至零,说明逐期偿还本金,属于fully amortized bond
Q2.
Considering a 3-year bond with a sinking fund arrangement, if the market interest rates decrease, the bondholders would:
A. face more reinvestment risk.
B. face more credit risk.
C. prefer their bonds to be repaid.
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答案:A
解析:偿债基金(sinking fund)要求发行人定期偿还部分本金。当市场利率下降时,债券持有人提前收回的本金只能以更低的利率再投资,因此面临更大的再投资风险(reinvestment risk)。此时债券持有人不会希望被提前偿还,因为他们持有的高票息债券价值更高。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 利率下降时,提前收回的本金只能以更低利率再投资,再投资风险增加 B ✗ sinking fund实际上降低了信用风险,与利率变动无直接关系 C ✗ 利率下降时债券价格上升,持有人更希望继续持有高票息债券
Q3.
The issuer financing a project with the intention to conserve cash until the project is completed mostly likely issue a:
A. step-up coupon bond.
B. payment-in-kind coupon bond.
C. deferred coupon bond.
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答案:C
解析:递延付息债券(deferred coupon bond)在初始期间不支付利息,待项目完成后才开始付息,适合需要在项目完成前保留现金的发行人。Step-up coupon bond的票息逐步增加;PIK bond以额外债券而非现金支付利息。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ step-up coupon bond票息逐步增加,但从一开始就需支付现金利息 B ✗ PIK bond以增发债券代替现金付息,虽也节省现金,但主要目的不同 C ✓ deferred coupon bond推迟付息,最适合项目完成前保留现金的需求
Q4.
Which of the following bonds is most likely beneficial to bond issuers?
A. Callable bond
B. Putable bond
C. Convertible bond
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答案:A
解析:可赎回债券(callable bond)赋予发行人在利率下降时以约定价格提前赎回债券的权利,对发行人有利。可回售债券(putable bond)有利于投资者。可转债(convertible bond)赋予投资者转换为股票的权利,也有利于投资者。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ callable bond的call权利属于发行人,当利率下降时可低成本再融资 B ✗ putable bond的put权利属于投资者,有利于投资者 C ✗ convertible bond的转换权利属于投资者,有利于投资者
Q5.
Compared with an equivalent option-free bond, a putable bond always has a(n):
A. higher yield.
B. lower yield.
C. the same yield.
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答案:B
解析:可回售债券(putable bond)赋予投资者在利率上升时以约定价格将债券卖回给发行人的权利。因为这个权利对投资者有价值,投资者愿意接受更低的收益率。含权债定价:Putable bond价格 = Option-free bond价格 + Put option价值,价格更高意味着收益率更低。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ putable bond对投资者有利,收益率应低于无权债券 B ✓ put权利有价值,投资者愿接受更低收益率,故yield更低 C ✗ 含权债与无权债的yield不同